Abstract : Since time immemorial Orissa has been a land of extreme and chronic poverty, although it had its glorious past for having good trade and commerce and prosperity. The economic exploitation of the British knew no bound which led to extreme and chronic poverty in Orissa. The wrong economic and other policies of the British Government and policy makers since its occupation of Orissa in 1803 A.D. made the life of the people of Orissa more miserable. The constant plunder of the resources and people of Orissa by the British led the Oriyas to raise voice against the British Government several times. The voice of the people of Orissa had found expressions in various rebellions.